Introduction to Makalu
Makalu is the fifth highest mountain in the world, standing tall at 8,485 meters (27,838 feet). Located in the Mahalangur Himalayas, it lies on the border between Nepal and China (Tibet), southeast of Mount Everest.
Geography
Makalu is a striking four-sided, pyramid-shaped peak in the Mahalangur Mountains. It features two notable subsidiary peaks: Kangchungtse or Makalu II (7,678 meters) and Chomo Lonzo (7,804 meters).
Climbing History
Makalu was first climbed on May 15, 1955, by a French team led by Jean Franco. They successfully ascended via the Southeast Ridge, which remains the most popular route.
Challenges and Climbing Routes
Makalu is renowned for its steep walls and technical routes. Apart from the Southeast Ridge, climbers have attempted other challenging paths, such as the West Face, Northwest Ridge, and Southwest Face.
Conservation and Biodiversity
The Makalu Barun National Park and Nature Reserve, surrounding the mountain, protects diverse ecosystems ranging from subtropical forests to alpine meadows. Rare species like the snow leopard and red panda thrive here.
Weather
Extreme and unpredictable weather conditions make Makalu a formidable challenge for climbers. Sudden storms, strong winds, and freezing temperatures demand careful preparation.
Cultural Significance
The Makalu region is home to ethnic groups like the Sherpa and Rai, who have preserved their unique traditions, languages, and customs. This cultural richness adds to the mountain's significance.
Environmental and Climatic Importance
Makalu’s unique geography and ecological diversity highlight the importance of preserving its natural beauty and cultural heritage for future generations.